I ran into a problem with this as well. Very ocassionally, Volt will fail to realize that a template file has changed, which can be frustrating in dev when you're changing things constantly. I solved it by adding this block to my service definition.
/**
* Clear out the Volt cache dir on every request in debug mode.
*
* Volt appears to have no capacity to compile itself to memory; it always
* needs to write its output to file and sometimes the engine doesn't
* realize that a template has changed, so it doesn't re-compile it.
*/
if ($config->application->debugMode) {
array_map('unlink', glob($config->application->cacheDir . 'volt/*.php'));
$volt->setOptions(array(
'compileAlways' => TRUE,
));
}