Are you trying to run phalcon <command> commands from inside phpstorm to
your VM?
Or do you just want to include the IDE stubs in phpstorm to get code
completion?
If you just want the code completion, then mapping that shared folder
from your VM should do.
If you also want to call the phalcon-devtools commands from your pc in
your VM, then...
I'm not sure about running phalcon commands from within phpstorm on your
pc to your VM, pretty funky situation.
If that VM is not connected to the outside world, you could sudo chmod
+x 777 /usr/bin/phalcon in your VM to allow the binary to be called
anonymously.
But unless you've got some reason to not install the phalcon-devtools on
your pc, it'd be a better idea to just install those devtools on your pc
locally to run any phalcon commands. Just makes more sense.
HTH, best of luck!
Sven